TaxBullUK capital gains tax

Income tax allowances and limits

The personal allowance, the higher rate limit and the savings figures, one row per tax year, each with its own source.

Income tax decides more of a capital gains bill than people expect. The personal allowance and the rate limits set how much of your basic rate band is left, and whatever is left is the part of a gain charged at the lower Capital Gains Tax rate. That is why these tables sit behind the calculator as well as behind the income pages.

These are the figures the calculator on this site applies. It reads the same table this page prints, so a limit on this page cannot quietly differ from the figure in a report.

The figures feed the main Self Assessment return and the tax calculation behind it. A limit shown here is a limit on taxable income, which is income after allowances, and that is how the legislation defines it. The commonly quoted gross figures only match when the personal allowance is full.

The personal allowance

The personal allowance for each tax year. It is reduced by £1 for every £2 of income above the limit in the savings table below, and is nil once income reaches twice the allowance above that limit.
Tax year Personal allowance Where the figure comes from
2027/28 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570. The freeze runs to the end of 2027/28. gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2026/27 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570, held by the freeze. gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2025/26 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570, held by the freeze. gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2024/25 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570, held by the freeze. gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2023/24 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570, held by the freeze. gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2022/23 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570, held by the freeze. gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2021/22 £12,570 Personal allowance £12,570. Frozen at this figure from 2021/22; gov.uk "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances".
2020/21 £12,500 Personal allowance £12,500, unchanged from 2019/20. gov.uk "Rates and allowances for Income Tax".
2019/20 £12,500 Personal allowance £12,500. gov.uk "Rates and allowances for Income Tax", the same HMRC table of current and previous years.
2018/19 £11,850 Personal allowance £11,850. gov.uk "Rates and allowances for Income Tax", HMRC's table of current and previous years; the "Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances" page itself only shows the current year.

The higher rate limit

The higher rate limit, above which the additional rate applies. It is a limit on taxable income, which is income after allowances, so it only equals the quoted gross figure when the personal allowance has been fully withdrawn.
Tax year Higher rate limit Where the figure comes from
2027/28 £125,140 Higher rate limit £125,140. The threshold freeze runs to the end of 2027/28 (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2026/27 £125,140 Higher rate limit £125,140, held by the freeze (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2025/26 £125,140 Higher rate limit £125,140, held by the freeze (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2024/25 £125,140 Higher rate limit £125,140, held by the freeze (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2023/24 £125,140 Higher rate limit cut to £125,140 from 6 April 2023, announced at the Autumn Statement of 17 November 2022. It is 2 × the £12,570 personal allowance + the £100,000 withdrawal threshold, both frozen (ITA 2007 s10(5A), s35).
2022/23 £150,000 Higher rate limit £150,000, the last year at that figure (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2021/22 £150,000 Higher rate limit £150,000, unchanged (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2020/21 £150,000 Higher rate limit £150,000, unchanged (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2019/20 £150,000 Higher rate limit £150,000, unchanged (ITA 2007 s10(5A)).
2018/19 £150,000 Higher rate limit £150,000, the additional rate threshold in ITA 2007 s10(5A) as it stood for the year.

The taper and the savings figures

The income limit at which the personal allowance starts to be withdrawn, and the savings figures. The personal savings allowance is a nil rate band rather than an exemption, so it uses up band space.
Tax year Allowance withdrawn above Starting rate band for savings Savings allowance, basic rate Savings allowance, higher rate Savings allowance, additional rate Savings basic rate Savings higher rate Savings additional rate Where the figure comes from
2027/28 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 22% 42% 47% Savings rates rise 2pp to 22%, 42% and 47% from April 2027, announced at the Autumn Budget 2025. Dividend figures carried forward from 2026/27 and the basic rate limit held at £37,700 by the threshold freeze. This is the gov.uk "Tax on savings interest" page, not the Budget document: check it when HMRC publish the 2027/28 rates.
2026/27 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend ordinary and upper rates rose 2pp at the Autumn Budget 2025; the figures come from src/dividend-tax.js. Savings unchanged for one more year. gov.uk "Tax on savings interest".
2025/26 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend figures from src/dividend-tax.js. Savings unchanged. gov.uk "Tax on savings interest".
2024/25 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend allowance halved again to £500; the figures come from src/dividend-tax.js. Savings unchanged. gov.uk "Tax on savings interest".
2023/24 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend allowance halved to £1,000 (Autumn Statement 2022); the figures come from src/dividend-tax.js. Savings unchanged. gov.uk "Tax on savings interest".
2022/23 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend rates rose 1.25pp on 6 April 2022; the figures come from src/dividend-tax.js. Savings unchanged. gov.uk "Tax on savings interest".
2021/22 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend figures from src/dividend-tax.js, which the browser also uses. Savings 20/40/45 with the £1,000/£500 personal savings allowance. gov.uk "Tax on savings interest".
2020/21 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend and savings figures unchanged from 2019/20. gov.uk "Rates and allowances for Income Tax".
2019/20 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend and savings figures unchanged from 2018/19. gov.uk "Rates and allowances for Income Tax".
2018/19 £100,000 £5,000 £1,000 £500 £0 20% 40% 45% Dividend allowance £2,000 and dividend rates 7.5%, 32.5% and 38.1%; savings 20%, 40% and 45% with a £1,000/£500 personal savings allowance and the £5,000 starting rate band. gov.uk "Rates and allowances for Income Tax", HMRC's table of current and previous years.

The basic rate limit is on the Capital Gains Tax page, because that is the table this site reads it from. The income tax rates on earnings, for the rest of the UK and for Scotland, are on the take home pay page.

Every row here carries the source the figure was read from. A row that carries none is not printed, and a short line says which year was left out instead. That is deliberate. A rate with nothing behind it is the one most likely to be wrong and the hardest for a reader to check.

The other rate tables

Capital Gains Tax rates and allowancesThe annual exempt amount and the two rates, with the 30 October 2024 change named on the year it fell in. Dividend tax rates and allowanceThe dividend allowance and the ordinary, upper and additional rates. Take home pay rates and thresholdsIncome tax bands for the rest of the UK and for Scotland, National Insurance and student loans. Stamp duty rates and bandsSDLT, LBTT and LTT, one row per dated schedule, with the statute that set it.

All rates and allowances

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